What an EIN Is and Why You Might Need One
An EIN (Employer Identification Number) is like a Social Security Number for your business. It's a nine-digit number that the IRS uses to identify your business for tax purposes.
You might need an EIN for these reasons:
- Opening a business bank account - Most banks require an EIN to open a business account
- Hiring employees - You need an EIN to pay employees and file employment taxes
- Filing business taxes - The IRS uses your EIN to track your business income and taxes
How It Works Without an SSN
The IRS has a special process for people who don't have a Social Security Number. Instead of using an SSN, you'll use a different approach that the IRS accepts.
The process is simple:
- Fill out Form SS-4 (the EIN application form)
- Write "Foreign" on the SSN line where it asks for your Social Security Number
- Send it to the IRS by mail or fax (you cannot apply online without an SSN)
Step-by-Step Instructions
Step 1 – Download Form SS-4
Download the official IRS Form SS-4 from the IRS website. You can find it at irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fss4.pdf. Print it out so you can fill it out by hand.
Step 2 – Fill Out Your Business Information
Here are the most important lines to fill out on Form SS-4:
- Line 1 - Your business name (exactly as you want it to appear)
- Line 2 - Your business address
- Line 4a - Your name (the person applying)
- Line 4b - Your title (Owner, President, etc.)
- Line 7a - Your home address
- Line 7b - Your phone number
- Line 9a - Your country of citizenship
- Line 10 - Your country of residence
- Line 18 - The reason you need an EIN (check the appropriate box)
Step 3 – Write "Foreign"
On Line 7b where it asks for your Social Security Number, write "FOREIGN" in capital letters. This tells the IRS that you don't have an SSN and are applying as a foreign person.
Step 4 – Send the Form
You have two options for sending your form:
By Fax (Faster):
Fax to: (855) 641-6935
You'll get your EIN within 4 business days
By Mail (Slower):
Internal Revenue Service
Attn: EIN Operation
Cincinnati, OH 45999
You'll get your EIN within 4-6 weeks
Step 5 – Wait for Your EIN
If you faxed the form, the IRS will call you with your EIN within 4 business days. Make sure to answer your phone when they call. If you mailed the form, you'll receive a letter with your EIN in 4-6 weeks.
Tips for Success
- Use the correct mailing address - The IRS has specific addresses for EIN applications
- Keep a copy of your form - Make a copy before sending it in case you need to reference it later
- Write clearly - Use black ink and print clearly to avoid delays
- Include your phone number - The IRS may need to call you with questions
- Be patient - Processing times can vary, especially during busy periods
Common Questions
Do I need an ITIN to get an EIN?
No. If you don't have an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number), you can still apply for an EIN. Just write "Foreign" on the SSN line of Form SS-4.
Can I apply online without an SSN?
No. The IRS website requires an SSN or ITIN for online applications. You must apply by mail or fax if you don't have either of these numbers.
Will I be taxed if I get an EIN?
The EIN itself doesn't create tax obligations. Whether you owe taxes depends on your business type, income, and other factors. The EIN is just an identification number for your business.
How long is my EIN valid?
Your EIN is valid for the life of your business. You don't need to renew it unless you change your business structure or the IRS specifically requests it.
Can I use my EIN to open a bank account?
Yes, most banks will accept your EIN to open a business bank account. You may also need to provide additional documentation like your business formation documents.